“There are many problems today with ZK.” We invited @donnoh_eth (Researcher at @l2beat) to present at our Berlin Ethproofs Summit to give a contrarian perspective on ZK - and that's exactly what we got. Some key takeaways: • Verifiers are opaque. Smart contracts can be inspected, but once you hit a ZK verifier you’re looking at random numbers - and without reproducing the verifier from source, you can’t know what’s really being proven. • Reproducibility is hard. Many projects don’t publish the exact commit hashes or tooling versions needed to regenerate their verifiers. In some cases, it’s practically impossible to confirm what’s running on-chain. • Custom tooling adds risk. Each project builds its own stack, making verification complex and inconsistent across the ecosystem. • Audits aren’t enough. Audits can be partial, outdated, or miss fixes. Simply claiming “fully audited” is misleading without transparent links and scope. Luca’s core point: ZK doesn’t necessarily eliminate trust. Instead, it shifts it - and the challenge is minimizing and clarifying where that trust lies. Watch to the full talk: